Sep 2023

NBER working paper – From Retributive to Restorative: An Alternative Approach to Justice

Anjali Adukia Ben Feigenberg Fatemeh Momeni

This paper evaluates the effect of restorative practices implemented in Chicago high schools, finding decreases and student arrests in and outside of school and for violent and non-violent offenses.

School districts historically approached conflict-resolution from the perspective that suspending disruptive students was necessary to protect their classmates, even if this caused harm to perceived offenders. Restorative practices (RP) – focused on reparation, accountability, and shared ownership of disciplinary justice – are designed to address undesirable behavior without harming students. We study Chicago Public Schools’ adoption of RP and find that suspensions and arrests decreased, driven by effects for Black students. We find null effects on test-score value added, ruling out meaningful average declines. We estimate a 15% decrease in out-of-school arrests, consistent with RP substantively changing student behavior.

Related Resources
From Retributive to Restorative: An Alternative Approach to Justice in Schools
Brief

From Retributive to Restorative: An Alternative Approach to Justice in Schools

Jul 2025

This research brief details the findings from the Education Lab’s study of the effect of restorative practices in Chicago Public Schools.

Latest Updates

Q&A With Eleni Packis: Supporting Student Engagement During Remote Learning
Web Post
UChicago Education Lab
Sep 2026

Q&A With Eleni Packis: Supporting Student Engagement During Remote Learning

Read a Q&A with Eleni Packis, co-author of a working paper presenting evidence from three large-scale randomized controlled trials carried out during the 2020 shift to virtual instruction to study interventions aimed at re-engaging students in virtual environments.

Every Choice Has Opportunity: Inside the ECHO Curriculum
Event
UChicago Education Lab
Apr 2026

Every Choice Has Opportunity: Inside the ECHO Curriculum

The Crime Lab and Education Lab hosted a webinar to provide an in-depth look at the research behind ECHO, our approach to creating it, and an overview of resources and tips to get started with using the curriculum.

Philadelphia’s tutoring program shows promise but faces familiar obstacle: expanding it effectively
Media Mention
Chalkbeat Philadelphia
Dec 2025

Philadelphia’s tutoring program shows promise but faces familiar obstacle: expanding it effectively

The Education Lab’s John Wolf spoke to Rebecca Redelmeier for Chalkbeat Philadelphia about our research showing high-dosage tutoring works—but only when students receive enough of it each week to produce measurable gains.